undertake as a general principle to keep confidential all awards in the
arbitration, together with all materials in the arbitration created for
the purpose of the arbitration and all other documents produced by
another party in the proceedings not otherwise in the public domain,
save and to the extent that disclosure may be required of a party by
legal duty, to protect or pursue a legal right, or to enforce or challenge
an award in legal proceedings before a state court or other legal
authority.
” Art. 30/2 of the LCIA Rules, similar to the ICC Rules,
underlines the confidential nature of the arbitral tribunal’s delibera-
tions. The scope of confidentiality is broad under the LCIA Rules,
which expressly regulates and imposes a confidentiality obligation on
the parties of the dispute.
Swiss Rules
The Swiss Rules of International Arbitration
6
(June 2010, “Swiss
Rules”), at Art. 44, also regulate a confidentiality undertaking of the
parties in relation to awards and orders and materials submitted to the
file that are not already in the public domain, unless it is agreed, in
writing, to the contrary by the parties. The same provision also
declares the confidential nature of the deliberations of the arbitral tri-
bunal.
UNCITRAL Rules
The UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules (as revised in 2010, “UNCI-
TRAL Rules”) does not explicitly provide a confidentiality obligation,
but its Art. 25.4 grants the arbitral tribunal to require retirement of wit-
nesses during the testimony of others, and determines the manner of
examination of witnesses. The hearing will be conducted as deter-
mined by the tribunal. Therefore, it is accepted that the UNCITRAL
Rules provides a framework where the hearing is private
7
.
ARBITRATION LAW
197
6
For the full text, please see
https://www.swissarbitration.org/sa/download/SRIA_eng-lish_2012.pdf (accessed on 27 April 2015).
7
Redfern and Hunter on International Arbitration, para. 2.148.