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a clear provision concerning mobbing has been adopted. Previously,
mobbing was illegal under Turkish law, however; it was the obligation
of the employer to protect its employees against mobbing. In this
respect, for the first time under Turkish Law, an explicit provision has
been adopted in accordance with the principles of international law and
the requirements of professional conduct.
Furthermore, the concept of mobbing is developed by the practice
of the courts, and the main principles are set forth. Accordingly, in
order for a practice to be considered as mobbing, the employee shall
have been targeted, and the treatment shall have been repeated system-
atically. In addition, unjust practices concerning the personal rights of
the employee are sufficient, and a major violation is not required.
Lastly, considering the difficulties in proving mobbing, and the princi-
ple on interpretation in favor of the employee, it is sufficient to present
indications showing that mobbing has most likely occurred.
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