NEWSLETTER-2019-metin

4 NEWSLETTER 2019 specifications of the goods sold; (iii) time, place, method or currency of payment of the price; (iv) remedies that may be sought for breach of the contract of sale; (v) consequences of delay and other breaches in the performance of the contractual obligations; (vi) effect of sanc- tions ; (vii) imposition of tariffs; (viii) export or import prohibitions; (ix) force majeure or hardship; (x) intellectual property rights; (xi) applicable law or method and venue of dispute resolution; and (xii) transfer of property/title/ownership of the goods sold. The Incoterms rules are not designed to reflect trade practices for a particular trade or particular goods. They may be used irrespective of the type or nature of the goods. Main Revisions in Incoterms® 2020 Purpose of Revision The main purpose behind the Incoterms® 2020 revision is to make the Rules more affordable, accessible, user-friendly, intuitive and practical. An emphasis has been given by the Drafting Group, which I am glad to be part of, as to how the presentation of the Rules could be enhanced to provide that the users choose the Incoterms rule that best suits their sales contract. For this purpose, the Incoterms® 2020 includes more graphics than before, and a clearer and more detailed general Introduction, as well Explanatory Notes for Users relating to each Incoterms rule. Aside from these structural changes, the Draft- ing Group put forth great efforts to take into consideration the latest developments in international trade, and obtained views from a broad spectrum of stakeholders and national associations, including those in commodities trading, banking, insurance, transport, customs, freight forwarding, logistics, import/export, compliance, etc. Structural Changes • Re-ordering of Articles within each Rule: A re-ordering has been made among the Articles of each Rule, as a result of which delivery and transfer of risks have been given more significance. Delivery and transfer of risks now directly follow general obligations, and then comes the obligations